Nursing Scholarship: An Invite to the Dying Profession

Over the past years, there is a significant in the number of students who are taking up the course that leads to become nurses. In fact, nearly 100,000 vacant slots for nurses have been reported in 2005. And since America needs healthcare services, 100,000 are very big number and needs to be responded immediately.

Yes, the government has made international call for help. This results to the influx of nurses from all over the world especially from the Philippines and India. But then, we cannot say that it is enough. The country should not always be taken cared of by others. It should be taken cared of their very citizen.

However, as nationalistic as it may sound, the fact still remains that very few Americans are taking this problem seriously and very few Americans don’t like the idea of working at the hospital unless they are doctors.

As a good response, institutions and other local governments have supported the call for the promotion of nurses are a good profession. And one way to do that is by offering several types of nursing scholarships all across the country.

Nursing scholarship is not different from other types of scholarship. Before the student becomes a nursing scholar, he or she has to go through exams and screening processes. The student has to submit the necessary documents similar to other students who apply for other types of scholarship. If the student passes, he or she will receive as much as 100% financial aids. The nursing scholar will receive allowances for books, laboratory materials, dorm and lodging, foods, and everything a regular scholar would get. Of course, all these would depend on the institution that grants the scholarship. Others may give different amounts but the same principle applies; to invite students to take nursing for free or almost free.

If becoming an RN has never been your dream or has never been they chosen profession, remember this: if you cannot afford to finance your studies and have no choice but to apply for a scholarship program, consider nursing scholarship. Not only you would save the dying profession, you will also get the honor to take care of your citizens. Who knows, it could be your relative lying on a hospital bed without a nurse to assist him (her). Act now for your future.

This content is provided by Low Jeremy and may be used only in its entirety with all links included. For more info on Scholarship, please visit scholarship.articlekeep.com scholarship.articlekeep.com.

Discover a Rewarding Career in Broadcasting

The world of broadcasting may look glamorous, but behind that news anchor or radio disc jockey are many, many people that make what you see on the television or hear on the radio possible. So, what does the broadcasting industry consists of? Radio and television stations and networks that create content or acquire the right to broadcast taped television and radio programs. Networks transmit their signals from broadcasting studios via satellite signals to local stations or cable distributors. Broadcast signals then travel over cable television lines, satellite distribution systems, or the airwaves from a station’s transmission tower to the antennas of televisions and radios.

Radio and television stations and networks broadcast a variety of programs, such as national and local news, talk shows, music programs, movies, other entertainment, and advertisements. Stations produce some of these programs, most notably news programs, in their own studios.

This is a competitive industry, particularly in large metropolitan areas. How can you be successful in this field? By having a college degree in broadcasting or a related field, and relevant experience, such as work at college radio and television stations or internships at professional stations. Many entry-level positions are at smaller broadcast stations so you must be willing to change employers, and sometimes relocate, in order to be successful.

You’ve determined that working in broadcasting is for you—but what broadcasting career interests you the most? Although on-camera or on-air positions are the most familiar occupations in broadcasting, the majority of employment opportunities are behind the scenes. Working in broadcasting can be demanding and competitive, but most people who work in the radio and television industries find it immensely rewarding.
So what careers in radio and television broadcasting are available? Here is a partial list:

• Assistant producers provide support and background research; assist with the preparation of musical, written, and visual materials; and time productions.

• Video editors select and assemble pretaped video to create a finished program, applying sound and special effects as necessary.

• Producers plan and develop live or taped productions, determining how the show will look and sound. They select the script, talent, sets, props, lighting, and other production elements.

• Web site or Internet producers plan and develop Internet sites that provide news updates, program schedules, and information about popular shows.

• Television Announcers read news items and provide other information, such as program schedules and station breaks for commercials or public service information.

• Radio announcers are referred to as disc jockeys; they play recorded music on radio stations.

• Program directors are in charge of on-air programming in radio stations. Program directors decide what type of music will be played and supervise on-air personnel.

• Reporters gather information from various sources, analyze and prepare news stories, and present information on the air.

• News writers write and edit news stories from information collected by reporters.

• Broadcast news analysts, also known as news anchors, analyze, interpret, and broadcast news received from various sources.

• Weathercasters report current and forecasted weather conditions. They gather information from national satellite weather services, wire services, and local and regional weather bureaus.

• Sportscasters, who are responsible for reporting sporting events, usually select, write, and deliver the sports news for each newscast.

• Assistant news directors supervise the newsroom

• Assignment editors assign stories to news teams.

• News directors have overall responsibility for the news team made up of reporters, writers, editors, and newscasters as well as studio and mobile unit production crews.

• Technicians operate and maintain the electronic equipment that records and transmits radio or television programs.

• Radio operators manage equipment that regulates the signal strength, clarity, and range of sounds and colors of broadcasts.

• Audio and video equipment technicians operate equipment to regulate the volume, sound quality, brightness, contrast, and visual quality of a broadcast.

• Broadcast technicians set up and maintain electronic broadcasting equipment.

• Television and video camera operators set up and operate cameras, both in the studio and on remote locations.

• Master control engineers ensure that all of the radio or television station’s scheduled programs are smoothly transmitted.

• Technical directors direct the studio and control room technical staff during the production of a program.

• Network and computer systems administrators design, set up, and maintain systems of computer servers that store recorded programs, advertisements, and news clips.

• Assistant chief engineers oversee the day-to-day technical operations of the station.

• Directors of engineering are responsible for all of the station’s technical facilities and services.

Originally published at collegequest.com/ collegequest.com/

Jack the Ripper

At around 3.40am on August 31st 1888, a carter named Charles Cross was making his way along Bucks Row Whitechapel, when he noticed a bundle lying in a gateway. Presuming it to be a tarpaulin, and thinking that it might prove useful, he went to examine it and discovered, instead, that it was the body of a woman. Within moments another carter, Robert Paul, had arrived on the scene and the two decided that the wisest course of action would be to find a policeman. Following a brief search of the neighbourhood, they managed to find three officers and brought them to the site, where one officer, Constable Neil, shone his lantern onto the body and the five men saw, to their horror and disgust, that the woman’s throat had been cut back to her spine.

The woman was Mary Ann Nicholls, a forty – three – year – old prostitute, who had been ejected from her lodging house just two hours earlier, because she didn’t have the money to pay her rent. “I’ll soon get my doss money” , she had confidently predicted, “See what a jolly bonnet I’ve got..” That bonnet now lay trampled and bloodstained in a Whitechapel gateway. It was observed also that her skirt had been pulled up around her waist. But what no- one noticed, until later that day, was that beneath her blood soaked clothing, a deep gash ran along her stomach- she had been disembowelled. Jack the Ripper’s reign of terror had begun.

In the week that followed the murder, the press began to publish lurid and sensational stories. They had wrongly blamed two earlier killings, that of Emma Smith on 3rd April 1888 and of Martha Tabram (or Turner as she was also known) on the 6th August 1888 on the murderer of Mary Nicholls. They had even come up with a possible suspect in the form of a man whom the local prostitutes had nicknamed “Leather Apron” and whom, they were claiming, had been making violent threats toward them, including that he was going to “rip them up”. Unfortunately they didn’t know his name, couldn’t provide an address and the only description they could give was that he habitually wore a leather apron and that he sometimes wore a deerstalker cap.

Just such a man was seen at 5.30am on 8th September 1888, talking to prostitute Annie Chapman, in Hanbury Street. At around 6am market porter, John Davis, went into his backyard at 29 Hanbury Street and discovered “dark Annie’s” mutilated body. Her dress had been pulled up around her knees, exposing her striped stockings. A deep cut had slashed across her throat; her intestines had been tugged out and laid across her shoulder. Missing from the body were the uterus and part of the bladder. The contents of her pocket were found lying in a neat pile near to the body. The brass rings that she had been wearing at the time of her murder, had evidently been torn from her fingers and were never discovered. And, just a few feet away from the body, there lay a folded and wet leather apron.

Since the leather apron was the standard garment worn by a wide range of Jewish workers from butchers to tailors, the finding of just such a garment in the backyard of 29 Hanbury Street, coupled with the frenzy that was being created by the press, caused the neighbourhood to erupt into anti – Semitism. Innocent Jews were attacked by angry mobs claiming that no Englishman was capable of committing such murders. The media frenzy would come to an end on the 10th September, when Sergeant William Thick went round to 22 Mulberry Street, and arrested thirty – six – year old John Pizer maintaining that he was “Leather Apron”. Pizer, however had cast iron alibi’s for the nights of both murders and was quickly eliminated from the enquiry.

In the streets of Whitechapel and Spitalfields, the intensification of police activity had seen a dramatic downturn in the crime rate. There were newspaper reports that “ a dreadful quiet has descended onto the East End of London”, and by the end of September people began to wonder if the murders had come to an end. With the last day of September just two hours old the “beast of Whitechapel” had proved them horrifyingly wrong by murdering twice in less than an hour.

At around 1am on 30th September 1888, hawker Louis Diemshutz, returned to Berners Street, having spent the day hawking cheap jewellery at Crystal Palace. As he turned his pony and cart into the yard of the Jewish Socialist Club at number 30 Berners Street, the pony suddenly reared in alarm and pulled to the left. Looking around to find what had distressed the animal, he saw what appeared to be a pile of clothes lying on the ground. He poked at them with his whip and then lit a match. The flame flickered for a brief moment before being extinguished by the breeze. But in that brief seconds light Diemshutz saw it was the body of a woman, and he ran for the police.

The woman’s name was Elizabeth Stride (sometimes known as “Long Liz Stride”) and her throat had been slashed. But the fact there were no mutilations to the body led the police to conclude that the murderer had been interrupted as he went about his bloody business. Is it possible that, as he stooped over his victim , the cart entering the yard had disturbed him, causing him to move back quickly into the shadows? Perhaps it was this sudden movement that had startled the pony? And, with Diemschutz distracted by his grisly find, the killer had slipped quickly and quietly away, as the news of another murder and the ensuing frenzied excitement, helped cover his escape.

At around 8.30pm the previous evening PC Louis Robinson of the City Police had arrested forty – six – year – old, Catharine Eddowes on Aldgate High Street and charged her with being drunk and disorderly. She was taken to Bishopsgate police station, placed in a cell and left to sober up. As Elizabeth Stride was meeting her murderer, Catharine was heard singing and was deemed sober enough for immediate release. Leaving the station at around 1am, she turned to the desk sergeant and spoke her last recorded words “Cheerio me old cock” she called, and stepped out into the early morning. At approximately 1.35pm three Jewish men were leaving the Imperial Club at 16 – 17 Duke Street. They noticed a man and a woman talking with one another at the corner of Church Passage. One of the three, Joseph Lawende, would later give the police a detailed description of this mystery man and maintain that the woman whom he saw was definitely Catharine Eddowes.

At 1.45am PC Watkins walked his usual beat into Mitre square and, by the light of his bull’s – eye lamp, discovered her mutilated body. He would later state “I have been in the force for a long while but I never saw such a sight. The body had been ripped open, like a pig in the market.” If the killer had been denied his satisfaction of mutilating the body of Elizabeth Stride, his appetite had been more than sated on the unfortunate Catharine Eddowes.

Her body lay on its back, head turned toward the left shoulder. The throat had been cut back to the spine; the lobe of the right ear was cut through; a V had been cut into her cheeks and eyelids; the tip of the nose was detached; her abdomen had been laid open; the intestines tugged out and laid over her shoulder, while missing from the body were the uterus and left kidney. The murderer had then left the scene and headed off into the Streets of Spitalfields. We know this because, on this one night, the beast of Whitechapel would leave behind him a tantalising clue.

Let us put his escape that morning into context. There had been an earlier murder in Berners Street. Word was spreading throughout the neighbourhood that the beast had struck again. All the police activity now centred on flushing him out and hunting him down. Yet, having murdered Catharine Eddowes, he did not escape to the relative safety that he might find West of the district, but instead, went straight into the area where the activity was directed toward his apprehension. He could have only escaped if, as he went through the neighbourhood, he fitted in. In other words he was not thought suspicious, or out of place, by those who may have seen him.

In Goulston Street there still stands a sturdy building that in 1888 provided accommodation for Jewish traders who dealt in second – hand clothes on Petticoat lane or traded shoes at the footwear market on Wentworth Street. Known as The “Wentworth Model Dwellings”, it was here in a doorway, at 2.45am , that PC Alfred Long discovered a section of Catherine Eddowes apron. There were bloody finger marks on it and it was evident that the blade of a bloodied knife had been wiped clean upon it. This clue, tells us exactly where the murderer was heading, and confirms the theory that he was an East – Ender living in the area. But the doorway also contained a much more famous and, subsequently promoted, none clue. For, scrawled in chalk on the wall above the apron, was the message “The Juwes are the men That Will be blamed for nothing” (although several observers remembered slightly different wording to the Graffito). Sir Charles Warren, the metropolitan police commissioner, fearful of a resurgence of the anti – Semitism that had swept the neighbourhood in the wake of the “Leather Apron” scare, ordered that the message be rubbed out, and it was duly erased at 5.30am before a photograph could be taken of it.

On the 1st October 1888 the Daily News published a letter which had been received by the head of the Central News Agency on 27th September. It read:

Dear Boss
I keep on hearing the police have caught me but they wont fix me just yet. I have laughed when they look so clever and talk about being on the right track. That joke about Leather Apron gave me real fits. I am down on whores and I shant quit ripping them till I do get buckled. Grand work the last job was. I gave the lady no time to squeal. How can they catch me now. I love my work and want to start again. You will soon hear of me with my funny little games. I saved some of the proper red stuff in a ginger beer bottle over the last job to write with but it went thick like glue and I cant use it. Red ink is fit enough I hope ha ha. The next job I do I shall clip the ladies ears off and send to the police officers just for jolly wouldnt you. Keep this letter back till I do a bit more work, then give it out straight. My knife’s so nice and sharp I want to get to work right away if I get a chance.
Good luck.
Yours Truly
Jack the Ripper
Don’t mind me giving the trade name wasnt good enough to post this before I got all the red ink off my hands curse it. No luck yet. They say I’m a doctor now ha ha.

With the publication of this letter, the murderer was given the name that would launch him into legend. A name that would become so well known the world over that the very mention of it, even to those who have little knowledge of the actual murders, could summon up vivid images of gaslit, foggy streets and of an unknown terror stalking the night shadows on a murderous and chilling quest. The legend of Jack the Ripper was born.

On the 16th October 1888 Mr George Lusk, president of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee sat down to his dinner table. A small cardboard box about three inches square, was delivered in the evening mail. Opening the package he discovered a letter addressed “From Hell” and wrapped inside it, half a human kidney. The letter read:-

Mr Lusk
Sor
I send you half the Kidne I took from one women prasarved it for you tother piece I fried and ate it was very nise I may send you the bloody knif that took it out if you only wate a whil longer
signed Catch me when you can Mishster Lusk

But did either letter actually come from the murderer? The “Jack the Ripper” letter certainly did not. Indeed several of the senior Police officers maintained that the letter was the work of an “enterprising London journalist” with one adding that the journalists identity was “known to senior Scotland Yard detectives”. And the Kidney, according to the City pathologist Dr Sedgewick Saunders was unlikely, as had, and has, been claimed, to be the one removed from Catharine Eddowes. Indeed he declared that the fact the Kidney was sodden in alcohol suggested that the Kidney had come from a hospital dissecting room, where it would obviously have been preserved in Spirits of alcohol.

In the aftermath of the “Double Event” police activity intensified throughout early October. The “Jack the Ripper” correspondence had led to great media speculation. The East End was in the grip of panic coupled with a grim curiosity that saw morbid crowds gathering at the murder sites to speculate on the killer’s identity and motives. As the Star of the East informed its readers:

“The district of Whitechapel and Aldgate is.. in a state of ferment and panic. All night long there have been people in the streets, standing round coffee stalls and at other points…..talking of the .latest horrors, and even the men seemed to be in a state of terror. Extra police have patrolled the streets.. and the police authorities… have come to the conclusion that publicity is the greatest aid to the detection of the perpetrator.. and all information is cheerfully imparted to the Press.”

Despite lurid rumours and several scares, the intensification of police activity appears to have deterred the “Ripper” and October passed with no further murders, although the atmosphere remained tense.

And thus, November 1888 was ushered in on a wave of panic and terror that held the Streets of the East End in a steely grip. At 2am on the 9th November George Hutchinson met twenty – five- year – old Mary Kelly on Commercial Street. She cheerfully asked him for sixpence, to which Hutchinson replied that even this amount was beyond his modest means.

She laughed, told him she’d “just have to find it some other way” and continued to the junction with Thrawl Street, where she met with another man. Hutchinson saw the two chat a little, then watched as Mary led the man into Dorset Street, where they entered her room in Miller’s Court. Forty five minutes later neither had emerged from the room and Hutchinson left the scene. Shortly before 4am several of Mary’s neighbours were woken by a cry of “Murder!” but all chose to ignore it. At 10.45am when Thomas Bowyer called to collect her overdue rent and discovered her body. She lay upon her bed, her head turned to the left. The whole of the surfaces of the abdomen and thighs had been removed and the abdominal cavity emptied. The breasts had been cut off, the arms mutilated by several jagged wounds and the face hacked beyond recognition. The uterus and the kidneys, together with one breast, were found beneath her head. The other breast lay by her right foot. The liver had been placed between her legs, and the spleen by the left side of the body. The murderer had left the tiny room in Miller’s Court and disappeared into the early morning. What no -one gazing upon the body of poor, unfortunate Mary Kelly could have realised was that, in the blood-bath of Millers Court, the Ripper’s reign of terror would end as suddenly and mysteriously as it had begun. As he left the bloody scene in that tiny room that morning, the Whitechapel Murderer may have performed his swansong, but the legend of Jack the Ripper was only just beginning.

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Common Misconceptions About Psychotherapy

Some ideas about therapy show up so often in fiction I find myself wondering how many writers are using them deliberately and how many just don’t realize they’re inaccurate. Here are six of the most common, along with some information on more standard current practice.

1. You lie on a couch

Reality: Therapy clients don’t lie on a couch; some therapists’ offices don’t even have couches.

So where did this come from? Sigmund Freud had his patients lie on a couch so he could sit in a chair behind their heads. Why? No deep psychological reason — he just didn’t like people looking at him.

There are a lot of reasons modern therapy clients wouldn’t be happy with this. Imagine telling someone about difficult or embarrassing experiences and not only not being able to see them, but having them react with silence. Why on earth would you want to go back?

The ideal therapeutic setup, and they actually teach this in graduate school, is to have both chairs turned inward at about a 20 degree angle(give or take about 10 degrees), usually with 8 or 10 feet between them. Often the therapist and the client end up facing each other because they turn toward each other in their chairs, but with this setup the client doesn’t feel like s/he’s being confronted.

Even if there is a couch in the room, the therapist’s chair will almost invariably be turned at an angle to it.

2. Therapists analyze everyone

Reality: Therapists don’t analyze people any more than the average person, and sometimes less often.

Ironically, only people trained in Freud’s make-the-patient-lie-on-the-couch-and-free-associate-about-Mother approach (aka psychoanalysis) are taught to analyze at all. All other therapists are taught to understand why people do things, but it takes a lot of energy to figure people out. And to be very frank, while therapists are usually caring folks who want to help their clients, in day-to-day life they’re dealing with their own issues and don’t necessarily have the time or space to care about everyone else’s problems or behaviors.

And the last thing most therapists want to hear about in their spare time is strangers’ problems. Therapists get paid to deal with other people’s problems for a reason!

3. Therapists have sex with their clients

Reality: Therapists never, ever, ever have sex with their clients, or the friends or family members of clients, if they want to keep their licenses.

That includes sex therapists. Sex therapists don’t watch their clients have sex, or ask them to experiment in the office. Sex therapy is often about educating and addressing relationship problems, since those are two of the most common reasons people have sexual problems.

Therapists aren’t supposed to have sex with former clients, either. The rule is that if two years have passed and the former client and therapist run into each other and somehow hit it off (ie this wasn’t planned), the therapist won’t be thrown out of professional organizations and have licenses revoked. But in most cases other therapists will still see them as suspect.

The reasoning behind this is simple — therapists are to listen and help without involving their own issues or needs, which creates a power differential that’s difficult to overcome.

And truth be told, the roles therapists play in their offices are only facets of who they really are. Therapists focus all of their attention on clients without ever complaining about their own concerns or insecurities.

When people think they want to be friends, they usually want to be friends with the therapist, not the person, and a true friendship involves sharing power, and flaws, and taking care of each other to some extent. Getting to know a therapist as a real person can be disenchanting, because now they want to talk about themselves and their own issues!

4. It’s all about your mother (or childhood, or past…)

Reality: One branch of psychotherapeutic theory focuses on childhood and the unconscious. The rest don’t.

Psychodynamic theory kept Freud’s psychoanalytic belief that early childhood and unconscious mechanisms are important to later problems, but most modern practitioners know that we’re exposed to a lot of influences in day-to-day life that are just as important.

Some therapists will flat-out tell you your past isn’t important if it’s not directly relevant to the current problem. Some believe extensive discussion of the past is an attempt to escape responsibility (Gestalt therapy) or keep from actively working to change (some types of cognitive-behavioral theory). Some believe that the social and cultural environments we live in today are what cause problems (systems, feminist, and multicultural therapies).

5. ECT is painful and used to punish bad patients

Reality: Electro-convulsive treatment (in the past, called electro-shock treatment) is a rare, last-resort treatment for clients who have been in and out of the hospital for suicidality, and for whom more traditional treatments, like medications, haven’t worked. In some cases, the client is so depressed she can’t do the work to get better until her brain chemistry is working more effectively.

By the time ECT is a consideration, some clients are eager to try it. They’ve tried everything else and just want to feel better. When death feels like your only other option, having someone run a painless current through your brain while you’re asleep doesn’t sound like such a bad idea.

ECT is not painful, nor do you jitter or shake. Patients are given a muscle relaxant, and because it’s frightening to feel paralyzed, they’re also briefly placed under general anesthesia. Electrodes are usually attached to only one side of the head, and the current is introduced in short pulses, causing a grand mal seizure. Doctors monitor the electrical activity on a screen.

The seizure makes the brain produce and use serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, all brain chemicals that are low when someone is depressed. Some people wake up feeling like a miracle has occurred. Several sessions are usually required to maintain the changes, and then the individual can be switched to antidepressants and/or other medications.

ECT is no more dangerous than any other procedure administered under general anesthesia, and many of the potential side effects (confusion, memory disturbance, nausea) may be as much a result of the anesthesia as the treatment itself.

6. “Schizophrenia” is the same thing as having “multiple personalities”

Reality: Schizophrenia is a biological disorder with a genetic basis. It usually causes hallucinations and/or delusions (strong ideas that go against cultural norms and are not supported by reality), along with a deterioration in normal day-to-day functioning. Some people with schizophrenia become periodically catatonic, have paranoid thoughts, or behave in a disorganized manner. They may speak strangely, becoming tangential (wandering verbally, often in a way that doesn’t make sense to the listener) using nelogisms (made up words), clang associations (rhyming) or, in extreme cases, producing word salads (sentences that sound like a bunch of jumbled words and may or may not be grammatically correct).

Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder) is caused by trauma. In some abusive situations, the normal defense mechanism of dissociation may be used to “split off” memories of trauma. In DID, the split also includes the part of the “core” personality attached to that memory or series of memories. The dissociated identity often has its own name, traits, and quirks; and may or may not age at the same rate as the rest of the personality (or personalities), if it ages at all.

Therefore, referring to oneself as “schizo” or “schizoid” or “schizophrenic” when one means one has an alter ego or contradictory personality traits makes no sense (and is guaranteed to make the psychologically savvy wince)!

Dr. Carolyn Kaufman is a clinical psychologist who teaches at Columbus State Community College in Columbus, Ohio. A published writer, she runs Archetype Writing: Psychology for Fiction Writers ( archetypewriting.com archetypewriting.com). Visitors will find not only articles about psychology tailored to their needs, but they can ask Dr. K their writing/psychology questions. She is often quoted by the media as an expert resource.

Disrupting Bees and Swarms Thru Sound

Can we figure out experiments to use to see if we can disrupt bees with sound? Can we affect their flight path, control them or even defeat a swarm of bees? Can we do experiments to see if this is possible? What if we put them into a church and turn up the pipe organ music, would then become angelical? Find god, go back and prey to their Queen Bee? Sure, that was a joke, but how does loud sound or specific sound waves affect bees?

Another experiment is to put a car with a huge set of speakers under a bee hive and turn it on when the bees fly away if they have a trouble then you win. You could put four surround a round speakers next to a bee hive where the bees have to fly thru to go to the favorite bushes each day and turn them on, there would be enough sound to disrupt with directional sound because each speaker put out sound and increases pressure in the center. Kind of like the firestorm with the Germans in WWII where a whole city was annihilated. Or like when a kid put pressure on their face to pop a zit.

Of course if you are going to try such experiments to disrupt bees, I just do not advice you standing around while you piss off a swarm of killer bees. Rather hazardous to your human health wouldn’t you say? Consider all this in 2006.

“Lance Winslow” – Online WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs/ Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance in the Online Think Tank and solve the problems of the World; WorldThinkTank.net www.WorldThinkTank.net/

University Preparation – Standardized Tests Are Failing Students

Recently, industry experts have begun noticing disturbing trends throughout American high schools. Students, it seems, are graduating with less general knowledge and even more unprepared for college level academics than they have previously. This is especially surprising in light of new legislation requiring higher standards for graduation requirements. Schools should be churning out more qualified graduates, not less.

Tracking
While this enigma may seem puzzlingly, those familiar with the inner workings of education have seen this pattern emerging for years. In the past, as much as America, the land of equal opportunity, hates to admit it, students were tracked. Tracking meant that certain students were recognized as having the ability to excel in academics and were placed in classes designed to meet their needs and challenge these intelligent students on a regular basis.

Students whose intelligence was below average or who simply chose not to perform at their ability level were given opportunities where they could succeed in their own right. Courses designed for apprentice level work or skill building such as machine shops and work-study programs offered a chance to streamline the educational process to meet the needs of these students without the pressures of coursework that frustrates and often bores them.

Equal Opportunities
Over time, these career-based programs have faded away and been replaced with remedial core content classes designed to prepare students for the standardized tests required for graduation. The monetary rewards tied to high performance on standardized tests by the government have caused many schools and teachers to shift focus from the high-achieving students onto the low-performing students in hopes of bring up that set of scores.

While this is admirable, it is important to realize the standardized tests students are working so hard to pass indicate college readiness. If students can pass the test, they are ready for college level work – at least according to the state agencies creating the tests. This is fundamentally flawed for various reasons:

Test Timing
One of the basic problems with the standardized tests and college readiness is that the test does not assess all high school learning. Many graduation level standardized tests are taken in the beginning or middle of a student’s junior year of high school. Even if the student passes, there is at least another year of high school unaccounted for. The tests are given early, by the way, to ensure students have up to six or seven attempts to pass –the problem with college readiness this presents does not require further clarification.

Test Content
While the many of the tests are designed to assess student’s higher level thinking skills, the tests fall dismally short of the mark. Current standardized tests are remedial at best. Each year the states lower the standards to ensure a certain percentage of students are passing, and some tests require less than 60% to pass. If a student gets slightly more than half of the questions correct, they are apparently ready for college.

Test Rationale
The most fundamental of all problems with the state assessments is the rationale behind them. If all students must take and pass the test to graduate, and the test indicates college readiness, then all passing students should be ready for college. While this is a fantastic principle, the truth is less than a third of graduating seniors are even interested in college. And only two-thirds (if that) of the students who start even finish work at the University level.

While there is nothing fundamentally wrong with standardized testing, and everyone agrees that no child should be left behind or refused a chance to excel, the system that has evolved in education today does bear further examination. Should the bulk of teacher energy go toward teaching students test passing strategies instead of training these students in fields of interest or use? And what of those bright students who should be setting the standard?

Unfair For All
The current system, despite its intention of equality is unfair for all students. The low students are not able to focus on useful, practical educational directives. The man-power and energy of teachers that should be focused on actually preparing college-bound students is almost exclusively being directed at preparing students for a test that serves them no practical purpose.

Even worse, in many states, bright students are thrown back into classrooms with low and average learners in hopes that these gifted students will inspire and assist the lower and middle children into becoming model students. They spend much of their academic careers preparing for a test that is not even remotely challenging for them. It is obvious that this is completely unjust and essentially ensures that no students, not even the brightest, are truly prepared for college.

American Boarding Schools
Few avenues are left for parents pursuing the best educational opportunities for their gifted students, and the best of these are American boarding schools. The programs at many American boarding schools are designed exclusively for helping hard-working, bright students reach the highest possible achievement levels. American boarding schools have documented success with preparing students not only to succeed at the university level, but also to excel at level far beyond the capabilities of their peers – graduates of traditional education programs.

Rebecca Garland, of internetauthor.net InternetAuthor.net, has expertise in many areas including education and college preparation. For additional education related articles and resources visit american-boarding-schools.com American-Boarding-Schools.com.

Teach Your Kids Arithmetic – Subtraction Shortcuts

As students, we become comfortable with what we learn first. Of the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, we learn to add first and for this reason are most comfortable with addition. If we apply the principle of thinking in terms of what we are most comfortable with, then subtraction need not be a difficult operation to master. Consequently, by applying addition principles to subtraction, we find our shortcut to mastery of this operation.

Addition is the first pillar of arithmetic magic. Once this operation is mastered, all others can be conquered. The reason for this is inherent in the nature and interrelationship of the four arithmetic operations. You see addition and subtraction are inverse operations of one another. This interrelationship imputes a connection between these two procedures. What this means is that we can master one through the mastery of the other. Moreover, multiplication can be mastered through addition, since multiplication is repeated addition; similarly, division via multiplication or subtraction, since division is repeated subtraction as well as the inverse operation of multiplication. Thus why fret with mastering four distinct arithmetic operations when we can think of mastering one and then using shortcuts and derivative principles to master the others?

Such is the case with subtraction. If you have read my book Arithmetic Magic ( mathbyjoe.com/catalog/item/2924777/2426157.htm Arithmetic Magic ) then you learned how to master subtraction through addition. In this work, I show you how to handle subtraction problems like 106 – 53. Rather than do a subtraction, you can think of “adding up” from 53 to 106. Another way of thinking about 106 – 53 is what is missing from 53 to make 106? This is the same principle that is taught to cashiers to make change, before, of course, the newer cash registers came out that do this for them. What cashiers would do is count up from the 53 to the 106. Thus we count from 53 to 60 to get 7. Then we count from 60 to 100 to get 40 more. So far we have counted 7 40 or 47 total. The final step is to count from 100 to 106 which is 6 more. As a result, we have 47 6 or 53 as our total. Thus 106 – 53 is 53. Let us take one more example to show how nicely this shortcut works. Take 96 – 49. Rather than fumble with this, it’s simple if we add up from 49 to 96 as thus: 49 to 50 makes 1; 50 to 96 makes 46; and 1 46 is equal to 47. So 96 – 49 is 47.

If you apply this subtraction shortcut regularly, you will never have a problem with this operation again. This method works with more complicated examples as well as you can easily verify. Try to teach this method to your kids and have them practice with a few examples. In addition to the good mental workout they will get, their arithmetic skills will soar to new heights. And there’s nothing better than seeing those A’s on their report cards.

See more at my cool math site mathbyjoe.com/page/page/2908604.htm Cool Math Tricks

Joe is a prolific writer of self-help and educational material and an award-winning former teacher of both college and high school mathematics. Under the penname, JC Page, Joe authored Arithmetic Magic, the little classic on the ABC’s of arithmetic. Joe is also author of the charming self-help ebook, Making a Good Impression Every Time: The Secret to Instant Popularity; the original collection of poetry, Poems for the Mathematically Insecure, and the short but highly effective fraction troubleshooter Fractions for the Faint of Heart. The diverse genre of his writings (novel, short story, essay, script, and poetry)—particularly in regard to its educational flavor— continues to captivate readers and to earn him recognition.

Joe propagates his teaching philosophy through his articles and books and is dedicated to helping educate children living in impoverished countries. Toward this end, he donates a portion of the proceeds from the sale of every ebook. For more information go to mathbyjoe.com mathbyjoe.com